A Broadband A-Φ Formulation Solver Based on Discrete Exterior Calculus

The A-Φ formulation of electromagnetics is immune to low-frequency breakdown, thanks to the additional gauge term in the formulation that removes the null space of the double curl operator, which makes the A-Φ formulation ideal for broadband and multiscale electromagnetic analysis. In this paper, a broadband A-Φ formulation solver based on discrete exterior calculus (DEC) is proposed. Implementation details of the DEC A-Φ formulation solver are provided in this paper, as well as numerical examples validate the proposed method and its broadband nature.