Comparative Analysis of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Levels in Munich Using Sentinel-5P Atmospheric Products and Ground-Based Measurements

In this paper, we compare trends in air quality measured by official stations on the ground with remote-sensing-based measurements in Munich, Germany. With Earth Observation data from Sentinel-5P and Sentinel-2, this study investigates the discrepancies that may arise in trends and pollutant levels of $NO_{2}$. We find that the defined fixed measuring stations in Munich cover the worst pollution levels in the city. However, we do also find inconsistencies in the information provided by ground measurements regarding pollutant concentrations in contrast to high spatial coverage remote sensing data.