Coastline Changes Over Mangrove Forest in Setiu Malaysia Using a Long-Term Landsat Satellite Data

This study investigates the coastline changes of the Terengganu coastline by using multi-temporal satellite images and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). coastline changes at an annual scale and the change rate over 20 years (2000 to 2022) for Terengganu state are assessed. The coastline is digitized, visualized, and then calculated using Linear Regression Rate (LRR) technique in DSAS. Besides, the coastline forecast maps for intervals of 10 and 20 year are produced. The results indicated that the coastline in Setiu experience most significant erosion with rates from 0 to −420 m per 20 years. Meanwhile, accretion is recorded in Setiu, with rates from 0 to 170 m per 20 years. As a result, the findings provide useful information for sustainable coastal management in Terengganu, Malaysia.