150-GHz Vector Modulator Phase Shifter in 65-nm CMOS

A D-band vector modulator-type phase shifter (VMPS) is presented using a 65-nm CMOS process. The proposed VMPS is based on a single Gilbert cell configuration to reduce insertion loss and minimize the effects of the parasitic components. Quadrature signals are generated from the Lange coupler with low insertion loss. A D-band output signal is generated from the vector summation from the quadrature signals controlled with the gate bias of the Gilbert cell. The output transformer is designed to simultaneously achieve low loss combining in the quadrature signals and impedance matching. In the EM-circuit co-simulation results, the proposed VMPS, implemented on the size 0.4 × 0.47 mm2 including all pads, shows that a gain of −12.5(±3) dB and an input P1dB of 7 dBm with a power consumption of 15.7 mW at the operating frequency of 150 GHz.