Study on the Participation of Virtual Power Plants with Demand Response in Peaking Auxiliary Services

The introduction of “carbon peaking and carbon neutral” has brought new development opportunities for clean energy development, but the volatility of clean energy output has led to a growing demand for peaking resources. The integration of load-side resources for peaking is a proven solution to this problem, and virtual power plant (VPP) technology is a common means to integrate load-side resources. The paper develops physical and market models of generation facilities such as thermal units, energy storage and demand response. Then, in order to maximize the overall profitability of VPP, a peaking market clearing model is developed, which takes into account the aggregation of generation resources by VPP. Finally, simulations based on this model were conducted to explore the clearing results of the peaking market and the profitability of VPP under different scenarios. The analysis shows that VPP can integrate the advantages of various generating units, unlock the peaking potential of flexible resources, and reduce the peaking cost of the system. At the same time, the total revenue is significantly improved after forming a VPP to participate in the peaking market, and the VPP operator and the power system achieve a win-win situation.