Multi-Scale Single-Bit RP-EMS Synthesis for Advanced Propagation Manipulation Through System-by-Design

A new method for the synthesis of single-bit reconfigurable passive electromagnetic skins (1RP-EMSs) featuring advanced beam shaping capabilities is proposed. By using single-bit unit cells, the multiscale problem of controlling 1RP-EMSs is formulated as a two-phase process. First, the macroscale synthesis of the discrete surface current that radiates the electromagnetic (EM) field fitting the user-designed requirements is performed by means of an innovative quantized version of the iterative projection method (QIPM). Subsequently, the meta-atom states of the 1RP-EMS are optimized with a customized implementation of the System-by-Design paradigm to yield a 1RP-EMS that supports such a feasible reference current. A representative set of numerical results is reported to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach in designing and controlling single-bit meta-atom RP-EMSs that enable complex wave manipulations.