An aqueous humour fluid dynamic study for normal and glaucomatous eye conditions

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Currently, the only treatable risk factor for glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma is commonly caused due to a decreased permeability of the trabecular meshwork, a porous structure at the eye outlet. This prevents the effective outflow of aqueous humour, increasing IOP. This study aims to simulate both normal and glaucomatous conditions of aqueous humour flow in the eye via computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Using clinical data, an idealised geometrical model of the eye was created. Darcy's law was employed to calculate the permeability values for various IOPs, which was then applied to the CFD model. Subsequently, verifiable and validated models for a normal and glaucomatous eye were achieved. Clinical Relevance— Glaucoma surgical treatments are often met with post-operative complications due to an insufficient or even excessive outflow of aqueous humour. The resulting glaucomatous eye model from this study can be used to test how different glaucoma filtration surgeries affect the efficacy of aqueous humour outflow. In turn, the most effective glaucoma surgical procedure may be identified for specific eye geometries according to race, age, gender, etc.