End-to-End Optimization of an Achromatic Diffractive Optical Element Array for Integral Imaging Three-Dimensional Display

Diffractive optical element (DOE) array promises compact shape for full-parallax integral imaging three-dimensional (3D) display. However, DOEs suffer from large chromatic aberration due to the strong wavelength-dependent nature of diffraction phenomena that degrade the quality of reconstructed 3D images. An end-to-end DOE optimization approach is proposed to reduce chromatic aberration for integral imaging. The end-to-end optimization framework includes RGB pre-processing convolutional neural networks and achromatic optics optimization design of rotationally symmetric DOE. An optical display model based on diffractive optics is proposed to analyze the integral imaging 3D display process for achromatic optical optimization design. The pre-processed elemental image arrays are modulated by an optimized DOE array to reconstruct the achromatic 3D images. A 3D artifacts scene without chromatic aberration is reconstructed in different views with the proposed method, and both peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) are improved compared to the conventional Fresnel lens DOE.