An Enhanced OPA Model: Incorporating Dynamically Induced Cascading Failures

The OPA (ORNL-PSERC-Alaska) model has been widely used in cascading failure simulations to predict likely and plausible sequences of cascading failures. This letter focuses on an algorithmic approach to enhance the OPA model whose main engine is based on quasi-steady-state models without considering the impact of collective transient dynamics of the entire system on the sequence of cascading failures. In particular, the enhanced OPA model incorporates dynamically induced cascading failures in fast time scales, which allows it to capture more realistic and detailed cascading scenarios. In this work, we outline the enhanced OPA model and provide simulation results to illustrate its feasibility with the realistic test network.