Human System Interaction in Review: Advancing the Artificial Intelligence Transformation

The industrial advancement of human society has been fundamentally driven by diverse ‘systems’ that facilitate ‘human interaction’ within physical, digital, virtual, social and artificial environments, and upon the hyper-connected layers of system-system interactions across these environments. The research and practice of Human System Interaction (HSI) has undergone exponential development due to the enhanced capabilities, increased efficiencies and decreased costs of digitalization. Primarily driven by its unique capacity for information persistence, digitalization is now leading us into a nexus of transition where HSI is being transformed by Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI has leveraged the data and information amassed by digitalization to learn, reason, predict, optimize and thereby augment both human-system interaction and system-system interaction, within and across all hyper-connected environments noted above. In this paper, we review this evolution of HSI and contribute towards its future directions by articulating the AI transformation strategy for this nexus of transition into a Human-AI-System Interaction. The paper begins with a review of HSI that focuses on developments in the past 15 years, followed by the AI transformation strategy which comprises of the primary configurations for Human-AI-System Interaction, the current capabilities of AI, a lifecycle approach for the design, development and deployment of an AI solution and the ethical implications of AI in HSI.