The Complexity in Dust Charging Process With Relativistic OLM Theory

The ability to self-organization is one of the important features of complex systems that is considered in the process of dust particle charging in space plasmas. The dust grain charging process is considered by the orbital-limited motion theory (OLM) theory with help of the relativistic kappa distribution, the relativistic cross section, and the kinetic model. It is indicated that the critical areas have unique properties that show the complexity in dusty plasma systems. In these areas, the Coulomb force between dust grain and plasma particle plays an important role and has a great influence on the charging process of dust grains. It is obtained that by increasing the electron-to-ion temperature ratio in the high dust grain densities, the relativistic effects increase and the electric potential of dust grain decreases. Moreover, it is indicated that by moving away from thermodynamic equilibrium (Maxwellian), the system tends to form multicomponent plasma more. As another result, the electric potential of the dust grain is much more affected by the nonextensive degree of the electron than the ion. Finally, it is observed that with the increase of dust grain density, the transition from dust in plasma to dusty plasma occurs and multicomponent plasma is formed.