Appendix

1. In the original Italian text the word senso was used where in English one would use "meaning" which is usually rendered significato in Italian. In Italian, senso and significato are often used interchangeably, with different nuances in some expressions. However, these words have an important place in analytical philosophy, starting from Über Sinn und Bedeutung (1892) by Gottlob Frege (1848-1925). In this essay, Frege says that the Bedeutung (referent) of a sign is the object it designates, whereas the Sinn (sense) is the manner in which it is designated. In Italian, the title of Frege's essay is translated as Senso e significato, with the meaning (forgive the use of that word) Senso e denotazione (Meaning and denotation). In English it has been translated as Sense and Reference in Blackwell's 1952 edition; but later it was also translated as Sense and Meaning. In his 1905 On Denoting, Bertrand Russell affirmed that Frege distinguishes between meaning and denotation. In the Italian text, I have used the word senso (meaning) to translate the German Sinn and denotazione for Bedeutung. In order to avoid confusion, the word denotazione is only used when Frege's Bedeutung is intended.