A flexibility model supporting sector coupling for energy transition

The paper proposes a model for flexibility suitable for multi-energy systems. Multi-energy systems belong to the distributed generation, enable coupling sectors, like electricity-gas-heat-cooling etc., and can support power system with ancillary service provision. Flexibility supports sector coupling by increasing import of (renewable) surplus production avoiding curtailment and export in case of (renewable) production deficits. The flexibility model proposed in the paper is endowed in a techno-economic algorithm, coded by Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, for co-optimizing the participation in multiple markets. Generally, flexibility is conveyed through energy and balancing markets. The case of flexibility provided by ancillary services is deep studied in this paper. The model is simulated by a real district heating plant, operating in the East area of Milan (Italy) and participating in balancing market. The results show the barriers posed by current regulation and market rules in accepting flexibility from MESs. However, the good news, is the relevant amount of flexibility available from the wide set of multi-energy systems. This potentiality represents an enabler for the penetration of the huge share of renewable generation expected in the next years.