Research on the Scheduling of Mobile Robots in Mixed-Model Assembly Lines Considering Workstation Satisfaction and Energy Consumption

With the intensification of the global energy crisis, the production costs of manufacturing companies have increased significantly. To reduce the production energy consumption and costs in mixed-model assembly lines while improving efficiency and workstation satisfaction, novel line-integrated supermarkets and mobile robots are introduced. Considering the split delivery caused by workstation satisfaction and the mobile robot’s energy limitation, a multiobjective mathematical model of mobile robot scheduling in a mixed-model assembly line with a fuzzy time window is presented with the goal of maximizing workstation satisfaction while minimizing energy consumption. On this basis, according to the problem’s characteristics, a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II with variable neighborhood search (VNSGA-II) is developed that constructs the initial solution using a heuristic method, improves crossover operation, and performs neighborhood search using three operators: exchange, insertion, and 2-opt to improve the solution’s quality. Finally, two numerical experiments are used to validate the model and algorithm. The results demonstrate that: 1) The scheduling model for mobile robots in a mixed-model assembly line that allows for spilt delivery and uses a normal fuzzy membership function to characterize workstation satisfaction is more in line with production practice. 2) The VNSGA-II algorithm can quickly establish a reasonable scheduling scheme for mobile robots in a mixed-model assembly line, and provide managers with a basis for making scientific decisions. Compared to MOPSO and NSGA-II, workstation satisfaction has improved by 0.91% and 1.12%, respectively, and mobile robots’ energy consumption has decreased by 12.53% and 13.66%, respectively.