A Current-Mode Active Filter using VDCCs and Only Grounded Passive Elements

A new second-order active filter is designed with the help of an active building block i.e. Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor (VDCC). The proposed network of a universal filter utilizes only two VDCCs and three grounded passive elements. The presented current mode active filter can generate all required responses, such as band pass, low pass, and high pass, from its high impedance port when input is fed into the low impedance port, resulting in a completely fully cascadable filter. The proposed circuit practicality is demonstrated through mathematical analysis such as ideal, non-ideal, sensitivity, and parasitics analysis. The simulation results are further confirmed using Cadence OrCAD PSPICE software, which includes 0.18µm CMOS technology parameters that match the theory.