Synergistic expansion planning method for multi-vector energy system and its application on Europe-North Africa trans-Mediterranean interconnection

Along with the global progress of carbon neutrality, system-level planning and design that take into account different energy sources will be critical in assisting the energy transition. Renewable energy based hydrogen is the key energy commodity that connects the multi-energy vector and forms an integrated energy system. This paper presents a novel research framework and model for synergistic expansion planning of a multi-vector energy system for medium and long-term transition, considering long-distance transportation. Based on the proposed framework and optimization model, a comprehensive optimal development scheme of Europe-North Africa trans-Mediterranean interconnection was proposed, including clean energy installations, various types of energy storage, and long-distance transmission channel capacity. The case study not only verifies the feasibility of the proposed framework and models but also provides references for future research on the planning of multi-energy systems in this area.