Different end-user use cases determine the business models in the E-mobility sector

Electromobility is becoming more and more widespread in many sectors of society, and the different use cases can be divided into residential buildings, workplaces, leisure, shopping malls, necessary facilities (such as hospitals, police stations, supermarkets) and filling stations. The business models behind them can be divided into PUBLIC - fleet as a business (taxis, buses in the public transport system, car sharing), charging stations, street parking; SEMI-PUBLIC/ PRIVATE- small deployment (residential buildings, office buildings), fleet as a support (company car fleet in the company, police, ambulance transport), site-level deployment (logistics centres with trucks, delivery sprinters, for example the post office) and parking as a business (multi-storey car parks, underground car parks). The drivers, motivations and objectives are, among others, external drivers as the (legal) regulations, the user experience by keeping the company competitive, and internal drivers: maximising revenue, sustainability, and the use of the parking system as a business (CO2-foodprint) and keeping up with new technologies and innovations to stay in the market.