Investigation of the Characteristics of Regulated Voltage Generators for PLL Systems and Frequency Synthesizers

In the study, the results of circuit simulation of the operation of voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuits for frequency synthesizers operating in phase-locked loops (PLL) containing: phase detectors (PD), voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO) and a counter - frequency divider (CFD). The main PLL components: PD, VCO and C-FD are implemented according to the classical CMOS circuit design. The proposed solutions for the implementation of components on CMOS transistors with design standards of 65 nm made it possible to create a model of a voltage-controlled oscillator that can be used to build a frequency synthesizer when implemented as part of specialized LSIs (ASICs) of various applications.