mmWave Channel Measurements for 3-D Path Loss Analysis and Model Design in Stadiums

A stadium is a multiuser scenario where the wireless system should be able to support real-time service delivery when the stadium is at full capacity during an event. To address radio propagation design for this type of challenging scenario, theoretical and empirical method is needed. Extensive open-space static measurements and research have been conducted at 28 and 60 GHz frequencies in an empty seating area of a stadium with a capacity of 60000 seats. The findings of this work lay a good foundation towards a greater understanding of mmWave channel propagation in a stadium, where a sectorization approach is considered to characterize the path loss behavior in 3D and predict it at unmeasured locations through the Kriging-aided model proposed with only 1 dB RMSE.