Inverter-Angle-Induced Optimized Frequency Regulation Approach for AC–DC Microgrids Using Consensus-Based Identification

This article proposes a novel approach for mitigating grid frequency deviation during disturbances, utilizing the inverter angles for inverter-based resources connected with multiple dc microgrids. The proposed approach generates dynamic multiple-input–multiple-output system models of dc microgrids interfaced with inverters based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. These frequency-domain-based models generate input–output transfer functions relating to dispatchable distributed energy resource (DER) set points. These are then used as control inputs and grid frequency/individual point of common coupling (PCC) angles (
$\delta$
) for ac–dc multi-microgrid structures depending on their locations in the distribution network. A sensitivity relationship of powers with respect to change in global distribution frequency or individual angle
$\delta$
for each section of ac–dc multi-microgrid is then used to optimally control the DER dynamics such as the frequency deviations are minimal. This approach is tested on commonly seen fault/dynamics and it was observed that the proposed architecture outperforms the state-of-the-art by more than 20% in mitigating frequency deviations.