Electrospun Titanium Dioxide Nanofibers Reinforced Anti-freezing, Adhesive and Conductive Hydrogels

In recent years, multifunctional hydrogels with high electrical conductivity and strong mechanical properties have shown great application prospects in wearable devices, bioelectronics, soft robotics and other fields. It is desirable to achieve multifunctional hydrogels with high electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, low temperature resistance, and reusability and so on. In this work, we successfully achieved an electrospun titanium dioxide nanofibers reinforced robust, conductive and highly elastic hydrogel via the in-situ polymerization technique. The hydrogen bonds formed between Titanium dioxide nanofibers and the polyvinyl alcohol chains served as sacrificial bonds under external forces, which significantly improved their mechanical and electrical properties. Excellent fracture stress of 2.72 MPa, large fracture strain of 900%, high Young’s modulus of 302.2 kPa, and toughness of 13.37 MJ/m
³
were demonstrated. Moreover, it also showed good temperature tolerance with working range of -20°C to 20°C, strong self-adhesive strength to various substrates and reusable abilities This approach brings about a new perspective on the exploration of robust, conductive elastomers for artificial intelligence and smart electronic skin applications.