Electrochemical Sensor Based on Carbon-Incorporated WSe2 Nanosheets for Simultaneous Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid

The development of sensitive and selective electrodes for electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) is essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment. In this work, a nanocomposite of two-dimensional WSe
₂
nanosheets with carbon black (WSe
₂
@C) was prepared by facile hydrothermal method and used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate an electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous determination of AA, DA and UA. The as-prepared nanocomposite was characterized in terms of structural and morphological analyses through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical and electrocatalytic behaviors of the modified electrode (GCE-WSe
₂
@C) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The sensing performance of GCE-WSe
₂
@C electrode was tested against AA, DA and UA, resulting in enhanced electrocatalytic properties compared to GCE-WSe
₂
and GCE-C electrodes. The GCE-WSe
₂
@C electrode displayed wide linear ranges of 8.0 -
$2456 \mu \text{M}$
for AA, 1.0 - 49.0 & 72.8 -
$381.4 \mu \text{M}$
for DA and 1.0– 24.8 & 36.9–
$185.2 \mu \text{M}$
for UA with low detection limits of 3.2, 0.18 and
$0.42 \mu \text{M}$
, respectively. In addition, the developed electrode demonstrated high reproducibility and stability for electrochemical detection of AA, DA and UA.