Data-Driven Synthesis of Symbolic Abstractions With Guaranteed Confidence

In this letter, we propose a data-driven approach for the construction of finite abstractions (
a.k.a.,
symbolic models) for discrete-time deterministic control systems with unknown dynamics. We leverage notions of so-called
alternating bisimulation functions
(ABF), as a relation between each unknown system and its symbolic model, to quantify the mismatch between state behaviors of two systems. Accordingly, one can employ our proposed results to perform formal verification and synthesis over symbolic models and then carry the results back over unknown original systems. In our data-driven setting, we first cast the required conditions for constructing ABF as a robust optimization program (ROP). Solving the provided ROP is not tractable due to the existence of unknown models in the constraints of ROP. To tackle this difficulty, we collect finite numbers of data from trajectories of unknown systems and propose a scenario optimization program (SOP) corresponding to the original ROP. By establishing a probabilistic relation between optimal values of SOP and ROP, we formally construct ABF between unknown systems and their symbolic models based on the number of data and a required confidence level. We verify the effectiveness of our data-driven results over two physical case studies with unknown models including (i) a DC motor and (ii) a
nonlinear
jet engine compressor. We construct symbolic models from data as appropriate substitutes of original systems and synthesize policies maintaining states of unknown systems in a safe set within infinite time horizons with some guaranteed confidence levels.