Analysis of GSM, Wi-Fi and LPWAN communication technologies for Smart energy metering circuits

Smart energy metering circuits or devices extract energy information from their point of application and transmit it through communication networks. Communication features in smart meters have made energy monitoring easier, leading to improved energy management. Communication technologies applied in smart metering circuits have unique advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents a comparative analysis of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), and Low Power Area Network (LPWAN) communication technologies. Performance parameters such as power consumption, network coverage, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), and the cost was investigated as Nigeria opened its door to smart meters. The paper concludes that all communication technologies investigated have suitable application areas within the smart metering network. LPWAN, with the most efficient use of power and large coverage area, is suitable for rural areas in Northern Nigeria with a large expanse of land and little or no mobile network operators' presence. The Wi-Fi communication technology is best for housing estates and rural areas in southern Nigeria. GSM is most applicable for urban and suburban areas in Nigeria and inter-network connections by Wi-Fi and LPWAN to the internet.