Enhancing distribution system resiliency using grid-forming fuel cell inverter

Legacy inverters interfacing distributed energy re-sources are traditionally grid-following (GFL) in nature. GFL assets typically follow real power and reactive power set points. Recently, inverters with grid-forming (GFM) capability are gaining attention because GFM assets can increase the resiliency of the distribution system under stressed conditions. These GFM inverters can use photovoltaics, batteries, or fuel cells as their energy source. In this paper, we present information on inverters interfacing fuel cell assets, specifically with GFM capability. By introducing a fuel cell-powered GFM coupled with hydrogen production and storage, the GFM can continuously provide GFM activities during periods of low renewable resource availability and/or during power outages exceeding typical electric battery duration. Finally, we present information on the need for updates to interconnection and interoperability standards that can be leveraged by utilities for including fuel cell inverters in their asset mixes.