Survey of economic, energy and environmental aspects of cargo handling equipment in container ports

Cargo handling is a primary function of seaports. This study aims to conduct a structured survey of two cargo handling equipment in container ports, namely automated guided vehicle and forklift, with respect to economic impact, power consumption, and environmental impact. Many studies have been done to improve cargo handling productivity of both quayside and landside operations. The energy and environmental aspects of cargo handling equipment are under researched and offer much potential. Future research topics are suggested.