Review of ship navigation safety in ice-covered waters

The development and utilization of Arctic waterways make maritime transportation more convenient, but it also faces significant challenges. To grasp state of the art and the practice of navigation safety in ice-covered waters, we discussed the research contents and methods of navigation in ice-covered waters from four aspects: 1) risk assessment for ice-going ships, 2) ship following strategy under icebreaker assistance, 3) route planning, and 4) emergency rescue in ice-covered waters. Finally, future research trends are proposed for the development of navigation safety in ice-covered waters.