A Preliminary Model for Maritime Accident Analysis by Using Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM)

With the melting of sea ice, the Arctic region attracts a large number of tourists due to its unique geographical location and abundant tourism resources. The ship tourism business scale in the Arctic region continues to expand. However, there are more ship incidents/accidents in Arctic waters with the increase of ship activities. There is a requirement to make the safety management of passenger ships in Arctic operations. This paper focuses on the accident scenario analysis in Arctic shipping. The functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) systematically analyzes ship scenario accidents in Arctic waters by transforming accident-related events into interrelated functional modules and studying the mechanism of accidents from the perspective of functional characteristics. The “Clipper Adventurer” ship grounding accident is chosen as a case to explore system functions, variability, and complex interactions in Arctic shipping.