Environmental Impact of CMOS Logic Technologies

Sustainability is becoming a key component of business and regulations due to concerns on climate change, resource depletion and pollution. The IC manufacturing is resource intensive and due to the increase in complexity from node to node we find the number of process steps increase by 2.6x and the resulting associated energy need by 3.5x when scaling from iN28 to iN3. Simultaneously the greenhouse gas emissions and water usage are increasing accordingly. Prompt actions are needed from the industry to mitigate these effects.