Repercussions of SMES and HVDC Link in Amalgamated Voltage and Frequency Regulation of Multi-Area Multi-unit Interconnected Power System

This article discusses the repercussions of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system and High Voltage DC link in amalgamated Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC) and Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) pattern of a multi-area multi-unit interconnected power system. Reheat thermal and hydro plants are included in each area, as well as a heavy duty gas turbine plant in Area 1 and 2, and a geo thermal plant in Area 3. In thermal plants, the appropriate amount of GRC and GDB is mounted, whereas in hydro plants, the appropriate amount of only GRC is mounted. The two degrees of freedom fractional Integral minus Tilt-Derivative filter (2DOF FOI-TDF) controller is observed such as controllers of ALFC and AVR systems. With the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) method, the preeminent controller values’ are found. Apropos all time-domain indices, the proposed 2DOF FOI-TDF controller is proven to be superior to FOI, TIDF controllers. Similarly, the system dynamics are explored in order to analyze the repercussions of SMES and HVDC links separately. Finally, sensitivity assessments are carried out with various magnitudes of system loading, demonstrating the proposed controller's robustness.