Nitrogen Vacancy-Centered Diamond Qubit: The fabrication, design, and application in quantum computing

Quantum computing has gained enormous attention from both academia and industry for its capability in handling problems that challenge the limit of classical computation. It is expected to shine in areas such as artificial intelligence, financial technology, drug development, and chemical reaction modeling. The quantum bit, or qubit, is the essential unit of quantum computers (QCs), and there are different types of implementations of the qubit, such as superconductor-based qubits, trapped ion qubits, quantum dot qubits, photonic qubits, topological qubits, and nitrogen vacancy (NV) diamond qubits, which are known to be able to function at room temperature with high longevity. In this article, NV-centered diamond fabrication, qubit structure, bit control, entanglement, and decoherence, as well as the pros and cons, are briefly introduced. At the end, the status of the commercialization of NV diamond QCs and the benchmark of different types of qubits are summarized.