Spatial Media-Based Modulation-Aided Uplink MIMO-NOMA With Imperfect CSI

In this article, a spatial media-based modulation-aided uplink multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) nonorthogonal multiple access (SMBM-NOMA) system operating under imperfect channel state information (CSI) is proposed. In addition, two different detection techniques, with successive interference cancellation (SIC) and without SIC are used to detect the superimposed SMBM-NOMA signal. Furthermore, bit error rates (BER) of SMBM-NOMA users are derived theoretically under both perfect and imperfect CSI. The SMBM-NOMA system provides lower BER than the conventional SM-NOMA, MBM-NOMA, and MIMO-aided NOMA systems. Moreover, the detection technique without SIC guarantees successful data recovery and outperforms the SIC-based detection technique in terms of BER under both perfect and imperfect CSI.