Measurement and Simulation-Based Exposure Assessment at a Far-Field for a Multitechnology Cellular Site up to 5G NR

5G is expected to be the dominant technology for mobile networks in the coming years, but there is concern about the increase in the total electromagnetic field radiation levels due to the deployment of the 5G technology. This paper presents an exposure assessment of electromagnetic field radiation on humans from single base station of a mobile network serving in dense, urban, suburban, and rural area scenarios for single-site transmission with multi-technology, including 2G, 3G, 4G, IoT, and 5G which have recently been deployed. This assessment is performed using simulation to predict the received signal levels and to calculate the related power densities for a typical single site under operating field configurations and settings for each technology. Field measurements were performed using a drive test tool to validate and calibrate the simulation results. The results show the total exposure ratio was very low compared to the international standard exposure limits, and the results show the contribution from each technology for these spesfic sites used in this study.