Renewable Energy Options for Seaports

In recent times, the application of renewable energy sources (RESs) for power distribution systems has been growing at a steady pace. This advancement brings several advantages such as energy sustainability and reliability, easier maintenance, cost-effective and ecofriendly energy option etc. The application of RESs in maritime systems such as port micro-grids could improve energy efficiency and reduce the utilization of fossil fuels, which has resulted in harm to the environment. Ports have been contemplating on several initiatives to improve their energy efficiency by deploying different types of RESs based on power electronic converters applications etc. This paper presents a systematic review to provide renewable energy options for state-of-the-art, modern electrification and infrastructure of seaports taking into account some challenges such as the environmental aspects, energy efficiency enhancement, renewable energy integration, and legislative and regulatory requirements. A brief projection of future work on the same is also included.