Numerical Estimation of Frictional Drag on Flat Plate In Shallow Water with & without BDR

Frictional drag resistance is predominant for the ships with a low Froude number. There is exponential frictional resistance as the ship enters the restricted water region. As a result, correct predictions of hydrodynamic forces in shallow water are required. Also, there is a tremendous requirement for reducing carbon emissions to maintain a sustainable environment. Air lubrication is a cheaper and effective technique for slow speed ships among several methods. In this present study, a numerical investigation has been conducted to study the influence of depth on frictional resistance with and without air injection. Numerical simulations were performed to understand the impact of depth on the frictional drag reduction for various flow speeds. The current study incorporated two air injection rates (1 CFM and 3 CFM) for deep and shallow water conditions. The overall reduction has been achieved up to 60 percent for shallow water conditions.