Stochastic and Distributed Optimal Energy Management of Active Distribution Networks Within Integrated Office Buildings

This paper proposes a stochastic and distributed optimal energy management approach for active distribution networks (ADNs) within office buildings. The proposed approach aims at scheduling office buildings fitted with heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, and electric vehicle (EV) charging piles, to participate in the ADN optimization. First, an energy management approach for the ADN with aggregated office buildings is proposed. And the ADN optimization model is formulated considering the detailed building thermal dynamics and the mobile behaviors of workers. Then, to consider uncertainties of photovoltaic (PV) power, scenario-based stochastic programming is integrated into the ADN optimization model. To further realize the stochastic energy management of the ADN within office buildings in a distributed manner, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used to solve the ADN optimization model. The original ADN optimization problem is divided into the network-side and the building-side sub-problems to effectively protect the privacy of the ADN and the office buildings. Finally, the ADN optimization model incorporating office buildings is validated in the winter by numerical studies. In addition, the impacts of comfort temperature range and expected state of charge (SOC) at departure are analyzed.