Characterization of 5G K-band Array Antennas

The use of active antenna arrays in mobile radio applications such as 5G New Radio has made it necessary to define new metrics to evaluate these antenna systems. The guidelines in the mobile radio network are regulated by 3GPP and require conformity testing. The legal rules, which serve for the protection of persons against electromagnetic fields, have to be fulfilled as part of the approval procedure for a base station. In this paper, requirements are presented regarding the definition of radiation patterns. It also shows a measurement method for measuring the envelope curve, which is the basis for calculating the electromagnetic field exposure in the approval procedure in Germany. Applying this method, the measurement results of a millimeter-wave antenna are presented.