Performance Comparison between Polyester and Denim Textile Antenna on Non-Identical Human Upper Arm Sizes for 5G mid-band

The usage of the textile antenna for diverse applications have been empowered by the miniaturization of wireless systems for the Fifth-generation technology (5G), and it has become one of the world's fastest developing technologies presently. However, the textile antenna when placed on human body goes through different bending and its performance gets altered. This paper presents design of two different textile antenna using polyester and denim as the substrate materials, where the radiating element and the ground is made from copper tape. The comparative study of polyester and denim textile antenna under various bending conditions due to non-identical human upper arm sizes (large, medium and small) for 5G mid band frequency has been analyzed. The analysis is presented comparatively from the simulated and optimized result using Computer Simulated Technology (CST) which focuses on the value of gain, antenna efficiency, bandwidth and directivity. It has been observed that denim textile antenna has covered desired frequency of 3.5 GHz with bandwidth of 140 MHz to 154.7 MHz in all the different bending conditions. Moreover, denim textile antenna obtained gain value above 2 dB in all the conditions. For polyester textile antenna, although it has covered 3.5 GHz during flat condition however as the bending angle increased, its resonance frequency shifted away from 3.5 GHz with insufficient bandwidth and low gain. At extreme bending of 72°, for both the antennas, there was frequency shifting in lower bands by 88.9 MHz (2.54%) for denim while it was 148.5 MHz (4.2%) for polyester.