The Performance of Low-Cost GPS for Observation of Ionospheric Irregularities: A Review

The Global Positioning System (GPS) device is important in human daily life and in some cases where the accuracy of GPS plays a major role in military and rescue operations. The precise position of GPS can be disturbed by the irregularities of ionospheric layers. To overcome this, the used a GPS receiver and satellite communication as a device to detect and monitor the irregularities in the ionosphere. The parameters that used on this observation are the amplitude scintillation (S4) index and total electron content (TEC). This paper reviews the study of performance of low-cost, mostly a single frequency GPS receiver to monitor the ionospheric irregularities instead of using the commercial device, which mostly use dual frequency GPS receiver which more costly.