Conceptual Design of Emotional and Pain Expressions of a Virtual Patient in a Virtual Reality Training for Paramedics

Incorporating interactive elements into medical virtual reality (VR) training can increase presence and engagement of trainees. Based on this, we designed emotional and pain facial expressions for a virtual patient that interacts with trainees in a VR training scenario for paramedics. We follow a user-centered approach by considering the requirements of trainers. Furthermore, we validate our concept with an online study and we plan a user study with paramedic students as the next step.