SPAS: Smart Pothole-Avoidance Strategy for Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are a significant part of Vehicular Adhoc NETwork (VANET) as they increase transportation accessibility. However, the presence of unpredictably sized potholes on road surfaces hampers the comfort and safety of autonomous navigation. Existing pothole avoidance mechanisms cannot dynamically adapt in unpredictable environments and do not comfort the traveler well in VANET. This paper proposes a novel Smart Pothole-Avoidance Strategy (SPAS) for safe navigation in a pothole-intensive environment. Potholes are avoided using the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm as it performs best in continuous action space tasks and has a faster convergence speed. A Hybrid Recognition Model using the Speech and Gesture mechanism (HRM-SG) is proposed in this paper to collect the traveler’s real-time audio and visual feedback for the DDPG reward function. The received feedback aids in fine-tuning the model to avoid the pothole efficiently than the previous pothole. Traveler’s feedback is coupled with the vehicle’s sensor data and used to decide the time, speed, and angle at which lane change and speed change are executed. Finally, the SPAS continuously optimizes lane change parameters in VANET to achieve maximal traveler comfort during the operation. The result analysis indicates that SPAS achieves a 10-15% improvement in the accuracy of pothole avoidance, 10-12% higher comfort, and 8-10% faster convergence than the existing state-of-the-art techniques.