Moon Imaging Technique and Experiments Based on Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar

This article introduces the experiment design for Moon imaging based on Sanya incoherent scatter radar (SYISR) and algorithm research in data processing. The peak power of SYISR is 2 MW. The transmitted frequency used for Moon imaging experiments is 430 MHz. We conducted Moon imaging experiments using two types of waveforms, 13-bit Barker code, and linear frequency modulation (LFM) chirp. Considering both resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the use of an LFM chirp with a bandwidth of 0.3 MHz and a pulsewidth of 2 ms can give higher SNR and resolution for Moon imaging using SYISR. Several key techniques were applied in the experiment design and data processing: 1) for the reliability of the imaging algorithm, the range-Doppler imaging algorithm commonly used in synthetic aperture imaging was applied; 2) to avoid the sidelobe effect of the 13-bit Barker code matched filter, a sidelobe-free filter was used; and 3) to mitigate the problem of “north–south ambiguity,” mosaic imaging of the Doppler northern and southern hemispheres of the nearside of the Moon was adopted. Two types of imaging results are obtained: mosaic images of the northern and southern hemispheres of the Moon and local regional images. The results demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of Moon imaging based on SYISR, which enables potential further lunar geology investigations in the future.