Development of Manhole Cover Detection and Continuous Monitoring of Hazardous Gases using WSN and IoT

In many developing countries manholes are not monitored properly, but for the public safety and security the manhole system should be managed in good condition. Continuous monitoring of manholes is important one in smart city implementation. In the present scenario smart cities doesn't only mean smart traffic lights, smart framing, etc. It must also include smart manhole system. Continuous monitoring of sewage gases present in the system is more important in every smart city implementation. Comparing with other countries India is overwhelmed with population and sewages. Also, most of the manhole lids are open and not in proper condition. Due to the improper maintenance of gully pot systems, emission of poisonous gases affects the workers, which leads to losing of their lives and even more causes dangerous disease which can easily spread. This paper presents an essential manhole monitoring and detecting system, where the continuous monitoring of hazardous gases, condition of manhole lid using different sensors. The continuous monitoring of the gas levels and lid open condition are captured by the sensing unit and the sensor data are transferred to Atmega 328p microcontroller unit. The processed data will be stored in the cloud for further processing also sent it to the host station using the long-distance communication LoRa module. According to the received data an alert will be provided to the public regarding the manhole cover condition. The design goal of our system is low cost, low maintenance, implementable, also overflowing of the gully pot system, water contamination, and leakage of dangerous gases and blockage of manholes are detected and the information is sent to the concerned authorities using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Internet of Things. The gas levels in the sewage system exceeds the threshold value, the corporation people can take proper measures and appropriate action to maintain the manhole.