A Comprehensive Preprocessing Approaches for Tooth Labeling and Classification using Dental Panoramic X-Ray Images

The teeth is the hardest substance in the human body. The teeth in the buccal cavity are majorly classified into four, namely incisors, canines, premolars and molars. Dental X-rays primarily aid in disease diagnosis related to the buccal cavity and the digital X-rays are known as digital radiographs. The dental X-rays are classified into three categories such as: A particular area of mouth is specified in Bitewing X-ray, the whole tooth from crown to beyond the root is covered by Periapical X-ray, the border view of entire teeth including inferior and superior jaw bone is provided by the Panoramic X-rays. Hence, the panoramic images were used for further study in this paper. Each tooth can be identified and classified using image processing techniques from Orthopantomogram images. These images can be preprocessed, enhanced with histogram analysis and can be segmented by various segmentation techniques like K-means, Fuzzy-C, Semantic segmentation, etc. This paper provides a comprehensive study of various preprocessing, enhancement and segmentation techniques applied for tooth classification and labeling.