Combined Voltage and Frequency control of a Multi-Area Multi-Source Power System using CFOPI-TIDN Controller

This article divulges the coalesced control pattern of voltage and frequency for a three-area multi-source unequal interconnected power system under conventional scenario. Area-1 comprises Thermal-Wind-Combined Cycle Gas Turbine plants, Area-2 comprises Thermal-Geothermal-EV fleets, and Area-3 comprises Thermal-Hydro plants-STPP. Pertinent GRC and GDB for thermal and hydro plants and GRC for CCGT plants are being considered. The Fractional-order PI controller cascaded to Tilt-Integral-Derivative Controller with Filter (CFOPI-TIDN) is utilized as an ancillary controller of ALFC systems and as core controller of AVR systems to curb the frequency and voltage deviations. The most recent metaheuristic algorithm known as Harris Hawks Optimization is used to obtain optimum gains and other controller parameters of FOPI, TIDN, and CFOPI-TIDN controllers for the seamless operation of power systems. The proposed CFOPI-TIDN controller is found transcendent when comparing system responses concerning time-domain indices. Repercussions of the CCGT plants on the unified system are analyzed. The sensitivity study is assessed with changing the magnitude and position of system nonlinearities. Eventually, the system is investigated for real-time analysis with OPAL-RT OP4510 hardware setup.