Model Construction, Theoretical Analysis, and Miniaturized Implementation of High-Order Deflected Multivortex Beams With Uniform Elliptical Array

This work proposes a miniaturized uniform elliptical array (UEA) to generate high-order multivortex beams with mixed orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in different directions. First, the construction method of the UEA model is proposed, and different miniaturized UEA models are designed to generate multivortex beams. On this basis, the UEA and uniform circular array (UCA) models are compared, and the modified radiation pattern product theorem is proposed to design high-order deflected vortex beams with fewer elements. Then, a miniaturized elliptical ring patch antenna is analyzed according to the theory of characteristic modes at 5.8 GHz. Finally, a miniaturized UEA is constructed by the miniaturized patch antennas under the guidance of the proposed UEA model and the modified radiation pattern product theorem. The UEA with four elements and corresponding feed networks generates four vortex beams with different directions and mixed modes, including the OAM modes of ±2. The designed device can generate high-order deflected multivortex beams by significantly reducing the number of elements to reduce system complexity and cost. The vortex beams with different directions and mixed modes expand the coverage of the vortex beams and provide the possibility for high-capacity OAM radio frequency communication.