The Contact Angle of Cellulosic Materials: Transforming Natural Dyes into Biomaterials for Sustainability and Green Energy

This research provides an insight into the contact angle and diffusion of natural dyes into cellulosic materials, while taking into account the structure and compositional effect of the cellulosic surface. The contact angle determination was based on an experimental device using software to analyze images and measure the contact angles by calculating the tangent of the profile. Results show that dye contact angle depends on the type of cellulosic material and the type of dye. The rate of dye contact angle decreases when the structure of matrial is more amorphous. Decreasing the crystallinity rate provides the increase in cross-linking and grain boundaries on the surface, which improves the diffusion of dye into the weave. This approach makes it possible to develop highly hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface tissues while studying the crystallinity of the cellulosic source. The cost, ease and environmental friendliness of these dyes are the main reasons for the increased interest in developing this type of dyes.