Starfish Routing Backbone on the Optimal Elliptical Ring-Canal in Sensor Networks

Data routing via sensor networks has become increasingly important because of the rise of the internet of things and 5G/6G network services. Therefore, routing protocols are being developed to transmit real-time data to mobile sinks more efficiently. Since real-time applications must meet the quality of services (QoS), forming a routing backbone becomes a top priority. In the literature, the Starfish routing (SFR) backbone is constructed with ring- and radial-canals that guarantee transmitting data directly to the backbone nodes from a source sensor node. In these works, network lifetime and real-time QoS performances are highly dependent on the appropriate size of the ring canal. However, regardless of the network size, whether square or rectangular, existing Starfish routing backbones form a circular ring canal. As a consequence, network performances significantly hampers. Therefore, we develop an optimum elliptical ring-canal on the SFR backbone and determine minor and major radii of the ellipse based on network area and sensor's transmission range. Later, we conducted simulation studies to assess network lifetime and end-to-end delay. The results demonstrate 10% increase in network lifetime and 20% reduction in end-to-end delay.