Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) based Power System State Estimation with Distributed Generation (DG) using Integrated Alternating Current (AC) Load Flow with Weighted Least Square Algorithm

In operating electrical power systems, security control is key in assuring that the power systems are operating within normal conditions, this is by being able to determine the “true” state of the power system on a real time basis. However, due to the different environmental and man-made factors that may contribute to the decrease in reliability of the state estimates, measuring instruments such as meters are much more likely to malfunction and yield unreliable results. In this study, the researchers applied power system state estimation on the IEEE 14-Bus Test case with Distributed Generators and Phasor Measurement Units using Weighted Least Square method. The researchers performed an AC load flow Analysis to obtain the power flows of the line. Then, the WLS algorithm was applied along with the measurements with error. After which, the ETAP software was used to verify the results of the algorithm. A statistical treatment was applied on the results, specifically the T-test, in order to determine the accuracy of the algorithm. Results from the T-test conducted on Microsoft Excel shows that the t-critical is greater than the t-value, which means that the hypothesis is accepted and thus there is no significant difference between their means and therefore be concluded that the data estimated from the MATLAB software is almost similar to the simulated data on the ETAP software.