A comparative study of the organic and inorganic photovoltaic cells with/ without lead cation

Lead/ lead-free based organic/ inorganic absorbers such as our novel CS
3
Sb
2
Br
9
, CsSnGeI
3
and MAPbI
3
are studied to find an efficient absorber with better stability. The model validation for CsSnGeI
3
shows a very good consistency. The numerical simulations are done with the help of SCAPS-1D having a planar structure as ITO/ETL/Absorber/HTL/Au for all three absorbers. TiO
2
as ETL and Spiro-OMeTAD as HTL are used for simulation. The optimal thickness (defect density) for all three absorber are obtained as 1000 nm (1 × 10
¹²
cm
⁻³
), 800 nm (1 × 10
¹⁴
cm
⁻³
), and 1000 nm (1×10
¹⁴
cm
⁻³
) for CS
3
Sb
2
Br
9
, CsSnGeI
3
and MAPbI
3
, respectively. Finally, the maximum obtained power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CS
3
Sb
2
Br
9
, CsSnGeI
3
and MAPbI
3
are 15.69%, 15.89% and 15.95%, respectively. From the results, it can be concluded that our novel CS
3
Sb
2
Br
9
shows the lowest short circuit current density (Jsc) but highest open circuit voltage (Voc) and quantum efficiency (QE) among all three PSCs. CsSnGeI
3
followed nearly the same pattern as MAPbI
3
. Thus, the lead-free inorganic PSCs, CS
3
Sb
2
Br
9
& CsSnGeI
3
, express an efficient PCE in compare to lead based PSC, MAPbI
3
, with a significant improvements in terms of Jsc and fill factor (FF).